Course designed and taught by Soizic Pénicaud at Sciences Po Paris’ Graduate School of Public Affairs in September-December 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024.

“Artificial intelligence” is a buzzword in the public sector, and agencies increasingly use algorithms and data-driven systems to aid or make decisions. This course is suited for students who want to understand the issue and apply their takeaways to policy, advocacy, research or product management work. The course’s starting point is an algorithm developed by the English government in 2020 to predict A-Level grades, and the backlash that ensued. Other cases are discussed to go deeper into specific aspects of designing and implementing algorithms.

The main questions addressed are: when (not) to build algorithms? For and with whom? How to ensure their efficacy and monitor their actual impact, especially with regards to inequalities? How to ensure government remains accountable? What role does civil society play, and how can it push back against abuses?